Good
afternoon ladies and gentlemen. In this good occasion I’d like to introduce
myself. My name is Agus Sakti Hardi the third year student students of English
education department of Nusantara University Kediri. Here I want to talk about
“CORUPTION”. Ladies and gentlemen, I’d like to outline my talk into three
parts; firstly I will talk about the general corruption, secondly corruption in
Indonesia, and finally finish with conclusion. Well, for the first I will start
to talk about corruption in general.
Corruption
in General
Corruption means any abuse of a position
of trust in order to gain an undue advantage. This involves the conduct of both
sides: that of the person who abuses his position of trust as well as that of
the person who seeks to gain an undue advantage by this abuse.
Corruption is both a major cause
and a result of poverty around the world. It occurs at all levels of society,
from local and national governments, civil society, judiciary functions, large
and small businesses, military and other services and so on.
Corruption affects the poorest the
most, in rich or poor nations, though all elements of society are affected in
some way as corruption undermines political development, democracy, economic
development, the environment, people’s health and more.
Corruption
in Indonesia
Bribes by firms in Indonesia arise
principally from regulations --licenses and levies --imposed by local
government officials. Regulations generate direct revenues (fees) plus indirect
revenues in the form of bribes. The expected value of the latter is capitalized
into lower salaries needed by localities to compensate public officials.
Localities in Indonesia are hampered by insufficient revenues from formal tax
and transfer sources to pay competitive salaries plus fund demanded' levels of
public services, because local tax rates are capped by the center and
inter-governmental transfers are limited. Thus the direct and indirect revenues
from local regulations are critical to local finances. The paper models and
estimates the key aspects of corruption -- the relationship between bribes,
time spent with local officials, and different forms of regulation. It models
how inter-jurisdictional competition for firms limits the extent of local
regulation and how greater sources of tax or inter-governmental revenues reduce
the need for regulation and corruption. The paper estimates a large reduction
in regulation in better funded localities. The findings are directly relevant
to Indonesia where corruption is high and the country is in the throes of major
decentralization and local democratization efforts.
Conclusion
Corruption lowers public service quality
and availability that is mainly dedicated to the poor, such as public schools,
hospitals, transport, clean water and sewage systems. Corruption also breeds
injustice in society. In a country where corruption is prevalent, the poor and
the rich have different positions before the law. Law tends to be friendlier to
those who are able to hire the best lawyers and who have access to political
power.
Well, that’s all my
speech. Thanks for your attention. Good afternoon.
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